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"Dancehall Political Patronage and Gun Violence" — Dennis Howard

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Dennis Howard's Jamaica Journal essay arguing that dancehall's gangster-and-gun content is not purely metaphorical role-play, as Carolyn Cooper and Donna Hope have proposed, but is entangled with real political patronage: sound systems and artists aligned with the PNP or the JLP through area dons, each side keeping its own anthemic songs, with entertainers granted a "partisan immunity" that let them move between rival garrisons. Documents named, settled cases: Tony Welch's PNP-aligned Socialist Roots sound in Arnett Gardens; King Stur Gav's implicit JLP alignment; and the political geography of King Tubby's and King Jammy's Waterhouse/Tower Hill studios.

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Dennis Howard, "Dancehall Political Patronage and Gun Violence," Jamaica Journal 33 (February 2010): 8-15.

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Society, politics & reception

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Dancehall Political Patronage and Gun Violence - Dennis Howard

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Jamaica Journal 33 (Feb 2010), via Dancehall Archive bibliography. Reference only.

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In stories

Story · Well supportedDancehall's Political Patronage

Sound systems, area dons and party colours — how PNP and JLP patronage shaped who played where, and who got their start.

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Compiled and researched by The Jamaica Music Atlas music desk. The sources that informed it are credited above.

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