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STORY · DANCEHALL

The originators of fast chat

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In 1982, a 19-year-old on a South London sound system deejayed faster than anyone had heard, and a UK style was born.

Speed became its own kind of showmanship.

Fast chat began as one MC's party trick at a youth club and became a signature British contribution to reggae's toasting tradition.

One night at a youth club

Fast chat has an origin story unusually precise for a musical style: in 1982, at the Dick Sheppard Youth Club, 19-year-old Peter King of Saxon Studio International unveiled a rapid-fire delivery on a tune called 'Me Neat, Me Sweet' that nobody on the South London sound system circuit had heard done that fast before. Other Saxon MCs picked it up almost immediately.

Saxon's roster turned the style into a career path: Tippa Irie and Papa Levi took fast chat onto the UK singles chart, Smiley Culture became a Top 10 act, and Asher Senator - who cut his teeth alongside Smiley on the Buchanan sound system before joining Saxon's ranks - released the 1986 album Born To Chat.

The style also spread past Saxon's own crew. Top Cat carried a related fast, sharp delivery through Fashion Records before becoming a fixture of the early jungle scene; Daddy Freddy, who came up on Sugar Minott's sound system, pushed the raw syllable-count so far that the Guinness Book of Records twice certified him the world's fastest chatter; and General Levy carried the same lineage of speed and clarity into jungle's breakthrough single 'Incredible' in 1994.

By the early 1990s the line between fast-chat MCing and the emerging jungle and drum & bass scenes had almost disappeared - the same voices were doing both. What began as one deejay's party trick at a youth club had become one of the clearest through-lines from Jamaican-descended sound system culture into distinctly British dance music.

profile · person · Well supportedGeneral Levy

General Levy (Paul Scott Levy, born 28 April 1971) is a British ragga deejay of Trinidadian descent, raised in Harlesden and Wembley, who collected dancehall tapes from age 10 and formed his own sound system, Third Dimension, as a teenager before his 1994 collaboration with M-Beat, 'Incredible', became the first jungle track to reach the UK Top 10.

argument · genre · Well supportedJungle

UK genre of the early 1990s built from chopped breakbeats run at high speed under reggae and dancehall basslines, with MCs working crowds sound-system style. It grew where Britain's Jamaican sound-system culture met hardcore rave, and fed directly into drum and bass.

example · person · Well supportedSmiley Culture

British reggae deejay (David Emmanuel, 1963 to 2011) of the Saxon Studio International sound, whose fast-chat "Cockney Translation" and "Police Officer" carried UK dancehall onto the pop charts and made him a foundation deejay of the British scene. He died on 15 March 2011, aged 48, of a stab wound sustained during a police raid at his home in Surrey, where officers of the Serious and Organised Crime Command were executing an arrest warrant; he had been due to stand trial the following week accused of conspiracy to supply cocaine. He had recently appeared in the BBC Four documentary Reggae Britannia. His death became a cause in Black British politics and remains contested.

place · sound system · ProbableSaxon Studio International

Saxon Studio International is a British reggae sound system that began operating in Lewisham, South London, in 1976 and came to prominence for the "fast chat" MC style pioneered by deejay Peter King. Its roster of microphone talent, including Smiley Culture, Tippa Irie, Papa Levi and Asher Senator, went on to chart success, and the sound itself won the UK Cup Clash in 1992 and became the first UK sound to win the World Clash in 1994.

example · person · Well supportedPapa Levi

London-born deejay Philip Williams, a leading voice of the Saxon Studio International sound, credited with sharpening the fast-chat style. His "Mi God Mi King" (1984) is often cited as the first British-produced record to top the Jamaican chart.

profile · person · Well supportedAsher Senator

Asher Senator (Peter St Aubyn) is a British MC raised in Clapham, South London, who began deejaying at 14 on the Buchanan sound system alongside Smiley Culture before joining Saxon Studio International's fast-chat crew; his 1986 solo album Born To Chat remains his best-known release.

argument · concept · Well supportedFast-chat (fast style)

A rapid-fire deejay delivery in which lyrics are chatted at double or triple time. Crystallised in Jamaica by deejays such as Ranking Joe and Peter Metro and, in the mid-1980s, sharpened at London's Saxon Studio by Papa Levi and Smiley Culture.

profile · person · Well supportedDaddy Freddy

Daddy Freddy (S. Frederick Small, born 1965) is a Jamaican-born deejay raised in Trench Town who performed on Sugar Minott's sound system before recording 'Zoo Party' for Studio One in 1985 and topping Jamaican charts the following year; the Guinness Book of Records twice certified him the world's fastest chatter, ultimately at 598 syllables per minute, and his 1987 album Raggamuffin Hip-Hop with producer Asher D was an early dancehall-hip-hop fusion.

profile · person · ProbableTop Cat

Top Cat (Anthony Codrington) is a British MC who came up on the UK reggae sound system circuit in the 1980s, topping the UK reggae chart for six weeks with 'Love Me Sess' (1989) before releasing 'Request the Style' and 'Push Up Unu Lighter' for Fashion Records and becoming a key voice in the early jungle scene through his own Nine Lives Records.

profile · person · Well supportedPeter King

Peter King is a British reggae MC credited with inventing 'fast style' mic chat in 1982 as a 19-year-old on Saxon Studio International, unveiling the technique on 'Me Neat, Me Sweet' at the Dick Sheppard Youth Club; the style was rapidly adopted by fellow Saxon MCs including Tippa Irie and Papa Levi and became a defining British contribution to reggae toasting.

example · person · ProbableTippa Irie

British dancehall deejay (Anthony Henry, b. 1965) of Saxon Studio International whose rapid fast-chat 'Hello Darling' reached the UK Top 30; a leading UK sound-system deejay who later collaborated widely across genres.

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Written and researched by The Jamaica Music Atlas music desk. The sources that informed it are credited above.

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