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The sounds of the island — grouped by how they sound

1,116 playable recordings, interviews, documentaries and sound tapes from the archive, sorted into nine sonic groupings. Each grouping tells you what to listen for, so the difference between a ska chop and a one drop is something you can hear rather than something you have to take on trust.

SONIC GROUPINGS

Nine ways the island sounds.

Most groupings follow a period of sound — the tempo drop into rocksteady, the machine arriving in 1985. Clash and dubplate is the exception: it is a practice rather than a decade, so a record lands there for what it shows, not for when its artist worked. A recording can sit in more than one.

Deep background

Drum roots

Three Nyabinghi drums in conversation — the bass drum on the downbeat, the funde holding a steady heartbeat pulse, the repeater improvising across the top. Kumina and revival singing work the same way: a fixed pulse with a voice moving freely over it.

46 recordings

1940s–50s

Mento

An acoustic band with no drum kit: banjo, guitar, hand drum and a rhumba box — a big thumb piano the player sits on — plucking the bassline. The lilt leans on the last beat of the bar, which is why mento swings where calypso struts.

27 recordings

1950s–early 60s

Sound-system foundation

American R&B and shuffle boogie played through valve amplifiers and home-built bass bins. The thing to hear is not the song but the system: bass weight the record was never mastered for, and a selector talking over it.

17 recordings

1962–66

Ska

The chop on the offbeat — guitar and piano stabbing the up-strokes between the drums — at a pace close to a run. Horns carry the melody, jazz-schooled and loud, and the bass walks rather than repeats.

56 recordings

1966–79

Rocksteady, reggae and dub

The tempo drops and the bass steps forward as the lead instrument. Count to four: in a one drop there is nothing on beat one, and kick and snare land together on three. Then dub takes the same tape and removes most of it, leaving reverb where the singing was.

249 recordings

1979–90

Dancehall and the digital turn

One riddim under many different voices. After Sleng Teng in 1985 the backing is a machine rather than a band, so the timing is exact and the same instrumental can carry a love song, a boast and a warning in the same session.

289 recordings

1990s

Clash and dubplate

A familiar tune with the words changed — an artist singing a rival sound into the ground and calling your sound by name. These are specials, cut one at a time for one system, and the crowd noise is the scoring.

242 recordings

2000s

Street dance

Records built for a specific move, with the instruction in the lyric. The tempo and the gaps in the beat are shaped around what a body has to do on the floor.

137 recordings

2010s onward

Global and the living archive

Old riddims resurfacing — a Studio One bassline under a new voice, a revival singer reaching back past dancehall to roots. Listen for what is being quoted.

368 recordings

THE WHOLE SHELF

Everything playable, rights-aware.

1,116 recordings

Hezron — "Holding On" Music Video Launch: Words with Jamaica Music Atlas

YOUTUBE · rights licensed · interviews

Interview produced by Jamaica Music Atlas.

Source link ↗

Clevie on where reggaeton came from (Jamaica, 2017)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · interviews

Clevie Browne himself, on camera in 2017, saying reggaeton was born from the Poco Man Jam riddim -- the plaintiff's own account of the claim, given years before the case reached summary judgment. Community upload (channel: Steph Live Up Program). Discovery-only.

Source link ↗

Cutty Ranks — "The Stopper" (Fashion Records, 1991)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Uploaded by FashionRecordsReggae, the channel of the label that released the record -- a rights-holder upload, and the record Cutty Ranks says "Dame Tu Cosita" came from.

Source link ↗

Daddy Yankee — "Gasolina" (Video Oficial)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Rights-holder upload, on Daddy Yankee's own channel. The record that took the rhythm worldwide, and one of those named in the complaint.

Source link ↗

Dennis The Menace — "Version (Dub Mix II)"

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The Pounder dub mix that Puerto Rican producers sampled -- the specific artifact the defence points at when it says the copying starts in New York, not Kingston. Community upload (channel: Chema's Reggae Dancehall). Discovery-only.

Source link ↗

Luis Fonsi — "Despacito" ft. Daddy Yankee

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Rights-holder upload (LuisFonsiVEVO). Sixteen weeks at number one, and for a time the most-watched video on YouTube -- thirty-eight years downstream of a Kingston rhythm track.

Source link ↗

Pitbull x El Chombo x Karol G — "Dame Tu Cosita" ft. Cutty Ranks

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The 2018 remix that turned a 1997 Panamanian record into billions of views, uploaded by Ultra Records, its label. Note the credit line: Cutty Ranks is on it, which is not the same thing as being paid for it.

Source link ↗

Playero 37 (CD 1)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The cassette-era Puerto Rican underground as it actually sounded: the dembow loop, San Juan rappers, no label. Community upload (channel: The Official Old School Collection). Discovery-only.

Source link ↗

Shabba Ranks — "Dem Bow" (Digital B, 1990)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The voicing that carried the rhythm out of Jamaica. Community upload (channel: OldSkoolMusic100); no rights-holder upload of this record was located, and ShabbaRanksVEVO does not carry it. Discovery-only.

Source link ↗

Steely & Clevie — "Fish Market" (1989)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The instrumental at the centre of the copyright case, under the name the court uses. Community upload (channel: jaramillo507); no rights-holder upload of this track was located. Discovery-only.

Source link ↗

HUGEL x SOLTO - Jamaican (Bam Bam) (Sammy Flash Afro House Remix)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

Uploaded to the AFRODIC channel; embedded as reference for the club record built over Sister Nancy's "Bam Bam" and the Coolie Dance riddim.

Source link ↗

Johnny Osbourne - In Your Eyes [Baco Session]

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The label's own channel (Baco Sessions); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Johnny Osbourne - Kiss Somebody [Baco Session]

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The label's own channel (Baco Sessions); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Johnny Osbourne - Right Right Time [Full Album]

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The label's own channel (Baco Music); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Johnny Osbourne - Strange [Baco Session]

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The label's own channel (Baco Sessions); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Johnny Osbourne - Trust No One [Baco Session]

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The label's own channel (Baco Sessions); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Nadia McAnuff & The Ligerians - LIVE @ SOUL'STICE

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The band's own channel (The Ligerians); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Hezron - Holding On

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

External reference; verify rights before wider use.

Source link ↗

Hezron - M.O.A.M (Man On A Mission) Official Video

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Official upload on the label's own channel, Tads Record (@tadsrecord8478); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Hezron - Tik Tok I'm Coming (LIVE PERFORMANCE)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Live performance of the M.O.A.M. single, on the label's own Tads Record channel; embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Man On A Mission [Official Video] | HEZRON

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

Official upload on the artist's own channel, Hezron Official (@HezronOfficial); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

Alton Ellis with ASPO - I'm Still in Love (multi-camera)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Multi-camera upload, channel: pataterecords; embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

DUB CAMP 2022 - BACKSTAGE

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

Festival's own YouTube channel (Dub Camp Festival); embedded as reference.

Source link ↗

DUB CAMP CLASH [Dub Fi Dub] Legal Shot Sound System (Polak) Vs. Heartical Sound (Sergio) - 07/2023

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Community-archived clash footage, channel: Pearo Photography; embedded as reference.

Source link ↗