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The sounds of the island — grouped by how they sound

1,116 playable recordings, interviews, documentaries and sound tapes from the archive, sorted into nine sonic groupings. Each grouping tells you what to listen for, so the difference between a ska chop and a one drop is something you can hear rather than something you have to take on trust.

SONIC GROUPINGS

Nine ways the island sounds.

Most groupings follow a period of sound — the tempo drop into rocksteady, the machine arriving in 1985. Clash and dubplate is the exception: it is a practice rather than a decade, so a record lands there for what it shows, not for when its artist worked. A recording can sit in more than one.

Deep background

Drum roots

Three Nyabinghi drums in conversation — the bass drum on the downbeat, the funde holding a steady heartbeat pulse, the repeater improvising across the top. Kumina and revival singing work the same way: a fixed pulse with a voice moving freely over it.

46 recordings

1940s–50s

Mento

An acoustic band with no drum kit: banjo, guitar, hand drum and a rhumba box — a big thumb piano the player sits on — plucking the bassline. The lilt leans on the last beat of the bar, which is why mento swings where calypso struts.

27 recordings

1950s–early 60s

Sound-system foundation

American R&B and shuffle boogie played through valve amplifiers and home-built bass bins. The thing to hear is not the song but the system: bass weight the record was never mastered for, and a selector talking over it.

17 recordings

1962–66

Ska

The chop on the offbeat — guitar and piano stabbing the up-strokes between the drums — at a pace close to a run. Horns carry the melody, jazz-schooled and loud, and the bass walks rather than repeats.

56 recordings

1966–79

Rocksteady, reggae and dub

The tempo drops and the bass steps forward as the lead instrument. Count to four: in a one drop there is nothing on beat one, and kick and snare land together on three. Then dub takes the same tape and removes most of it, leaving reverb where the singing was.

249 recordings

1979–90

Dancehall and the digital turn

One riddim under many different voices. After Sleng Teng in 1985 the backing is a machine rather than a band, so the timing is exact and the same instrumental can carry a love song, a boast and a warning in the same session.

289 recordings

1990s

Clash and dubplate

A familiar tune with the words changed — an artist singing a rival sound into the ground and calling your sound by name. These are specials, cut one at a time for one system, and the crowd noise is the scoring.

242 recordings

2000s

Street dance

Records built for a specific move, with the instruction in the lyric. The tempo and the gaps in the beat are shaped around what a body has to do on the floor.

137 recordings

2010s onward

Global and the living archive

Old riddims resurfacing — a Studio One bassline under a new voice, a revival singer reaching back past dancehall to roots. Listen for what is being quoted.

368 recordings

LISTENING — SKA

Ska

The chop on the offbeat — guitar and piano stabbing the up-strokes between the drums — at a pace close to a run. Horns carry the melody, jazz-schooled and loud, and the bass walks rather than repeats.

56 recordings Clear filters

Bobby Ellis & The Crystalites - Step Softly

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

Recording upload.

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Alton Ellis - Gone (Unreleased) A Vincent 'Randy' Chin Production - Federal Recording Studio, 1965

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Gone, an unreleased Alton Ellis side Vincent Chin produced at Federal Recording Studio in 1965.

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Clive Chin on Randy's Records, Dub Music and Soundsystems | Red Bull Music Academy

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · interviews

Clive Chin on Randy's Records and Studio 17, the shop and studio his father Vincent built.

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Clancy Eccles — Fattie Fattie (Trojan, 1969)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The 1969 Trojan pressing, transferred from the seven-inch.

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Clancy Eccles — Freedom (1969)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Eccles was a PNP campaigner as well as a producer, and this is where the two met.

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Leslie Kong, Jamaican record producer, 1933-1971

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

A short life of the producer who first took Jamaican records into the British charts.

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Tougher Than Tough: Leslie Kong & Beverley's Rocksteady Years, 1966-68

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

A survey of the Beverley's rocksteady sides, in sequence.

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Desmond Dekker — "Israelites", live 1970

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Live performance of "Israelites", dated 1970 by the uploader; community upload; discovery-only embed.

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David Rodigan vs Barry G — Capital Radio & JBC, 23 February 1985 (Sleng Teng era)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

The transatlantic radio clash itself: London's Capital Radio against Jamaica's JBC, 23 February 1985, as the Sleng Teng rhythm took over, played out in exclusive dubplates. The primary record of the Barry G / Rodigan rivalry. Discovery-only.

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The History of Studio One — the #1 sound of Jamaica (documentary)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

Documentary on Studio One and Coxsone Dodd's Brentford Road operation. Discovery-only external reference pending editorial rights review.

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Desmond Dekker — Israelites (1969 archival TV performance)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

YouTube upload; surfaced via web search result and embedded as a discovery-only external reference pending editorial review.

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Justin Hinds & The Dominoes — Carry Go Bring Come (ska version)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

YouTube upload; surfaced via web search result and embedded as a discovery-only external reference pending editorial review.

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Desmond Dekker & The Aces — It Miek (Official Audio)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Trojan Records Official audio upload; discovery-only external reference.

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Alpha Boys School - The Roots of Reggae and Ska

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

Community-archived 2007 short film including footage from an Alpha Boys reunion show in London; discovery-only embed.

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Trench Town Jamaica, Alpha Boys School documentary

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

Community-archived documentary excerpt on Jamaican music and Alpha Boys School; discovery-only embed.

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Jay Douglas - 'Reggae Lane' (live performance)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · live

Community-archived festival performance of the Reggae Lane song; discovery-only embed.

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Clive Chin — The Lost Archives of 17 North Parade, Pt 1: From Kingston to Queens

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · interviews

Clive Chin archival interview on Randy's / 17 North Parade; discovery-only embed.

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Welcome to 17 North Parade

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

17 North Parade / Randy's channel feature; discovery-only embed.

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Bad Friday: Rastafari After Coral Gardens (2011) — Trailer

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

Third World Newsreel official trailer for the documentary; discovery-only embed.

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Prince Buster & The All Stars — 'Al Capone' (original)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

Community-archived upload of the original ska recording; discovery-only embed.

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The Folkes Brothers & Count Ossie — 'Oh Carolina' (1960)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only

Community-archived upload of the 1960 recording; discovery-only embed.

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Deep Roots Music — Ranking Sounds (Channel 4 documentary)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

Community-archived upload of Howard Johnson's 1982 Channel 4 series; discovery-only embed.

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Duke Vin, Count Suckle & the Birth of Ska in Britain (trailer)

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · documentaries

Trailer for Gus Berger's 2008 documentary; discovery-only embed.

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Official Sir Coxsone Outernational Sound System: Reggae Rub A Dub Selection at Brixton 4k Live 2023

YOUTUBE · rights discovery only · releases

Youtube upload; embedded as a discovery-only reference pending editorial review.

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